36
英文
To this Ariovistus replied, that “the right of war was, that they who had conquered should govern those whom they had conquered, in what manner they pleased; that in that way the Roman people were wont to govern the nations which they had conquered, not according to the dictation of any other, but according to their own discretion. If he for his part did not dictate to the Roman people as to the manner in which they were to exercise their right, he ought not to be obstructed by the Roman people in his right;
和文
これにアリオヴィストスはこう答えた。
「戦争では、勝者が敗者を自由に統治する権利を得るものだ。ローマ人もまた、第三者に従うのではなく、自らの裁量によって、征服した国を支配下に置くことが常であった。自分はローマ人に対して、勝者の権利の執行方法を指示していないのだから、ローマ人から権利の妨害を受けることはおかしい。
that Caesar was doing a great injustice, in that by his arrival he was making his revenues less valuable to him; that he should not restore their hostages to the Aedui, but should not make war wrongfully either upon them or their allies, if they abided by that which had been agreed on, and paid their tribute annually: if they did not continue to do that, the Roman people’s name of ‘brothers’ would avail them naught.
カエサルはすでに、極めて不当な行いをしている。カエサルが（ガリアに）到着したことで、自分への収入が大きく損なわれているのだ。
自分はハエドゥイ族の人質を返さないが、彼らが合意事項を遵守し、毎年の貢ぎ物を支払う限り、彼らとその同盟部族に無暗に戦争を仕掛けることもない。
彼らがそれらを続けない場合、「ローマ人の兄弟」という肩書など何の役にも立たないだろう。
As to Caesar’s threatening him, that he would not overlook the wrongs of the Aedui, [he said] that no one had ever entered into a contest with him [Ariovistus] without utter ruin to himself. That Caesar might enter the lists when he chose; he would feel what the invincible Germans, well-trained [as they were] beyond all others to arms, who for fourteen years had not been beneath a roof, could achieve by their valor.”
カエサルは、ハエドゥイ族への悪行は看過しないと脅してきた。しかし、アリオヴィストスに戦いを挑んだ者は、例外なく滅んできたのだ。カエサルの選択は、このリストに追加されることとなろう。
無敵のゲルマン人を味わうがいい。どこよりも訓練に明け暮れ、14年間もの間、屋根の下で過ごすこともなかったのだ。彼らの勇敢さは、（ローマ軍撃破をも）達成するだろう。」
37
英文
At the same time that this message was delivered to Caesar, embassadors came from the Aedui and the Treviri; from the Aedui to complain that the Harudes, who had lately been brought over into Gaul, were ravaging their territories; that they had not been able to purchase peace from Ariovistus, even by giving hostages: and from the Treviri, [to state] that a hundred cantons of the Suevi had encamped on the banks of the Rhine, and were attempting to cross it; that the brothers, Nasuas and Cimberius, headed them.
和文
このメッセージ到着と時を同じくして、ハエドゥイ族とトレヴィリ族からの使者がやってきた。
ハエドゥイ族からは、最近ガリアに呼ばれたハルデス族に領土を荒らされているとの訴えであった。彼らは人質を差し出しても、アリオヴィストスから平和は得られなかった。
一方、トレヴィリ族からは、100の地域から集まったスエビ族がライン川のほとりに野営し、ライン川を渡ろうとしているとの情報が届いた。率いるのは、ナスアスとキンベリウスの兄弟だという。
Being greatly alarmed at these things, Caesar thought that he ought to use all dispatch, lest, if this new band of Suevi should unite with the old troops of Ariovistus, he [Ariovistus] might be less easily withstood. Having therefore, as quickly as he could, provided a supply of corn, he hastened to Ariovistus by forced marches.
もしアリオヴィストスの軍にこの新たなスエビ族の軍勢が合流した場合、容易に撃退できなくなる。この状況をカエサルは深く憂慮し、あらゆる処置を取るべきと考えた。
そこで彼は、可能な限り迅速に食料を補給し、アリオヴィストスの元へ強行軍で向かった。
38
英文
When he had proceeded three days’ journey, word was brought to him that Ariovistus was hastening with all his forces to seize on Vesontio, which is the largest town of the Sequani, and had advanced three days’ journey from its territories.
和文
行軍の3日目、アリオヴィストスがセクアニ族最大の町ベソンティオを占領するため、全軍を率いて急行しているとの知らせが入った。既に自領を出て、3日の行軍を進めているという。
Caesar thought that he ought to take the greatest precautions lest this should happen, for there was in that town a most ample supply of every thing which was serviceable for war; and so fortified was it by the nature of the ground, as to afford a great facility for protracting the war, inasmuch as the river Doubs almost surrounds the whole town, as though it were traced round it with a pair of compasses. A mountain of great height shuts in the remaining space, which is not more than 600 feet, where the river leaves a gap, in such a manner that the roots of that mountain extend to the river’s bank on either side.
カエサルは、それは絶対に阻止すべきことと考えた。その町には、あらゆる軍需物資が豊富に蓄えられている。
加えて天然の要塞であり、長期の防衛にも適している。
まるで町の周りをコンパスでなぞるかのようにデュ川が囲み、川に面していない600フィート（約183メートル）以下の空間には、非常に高い山があり、その山の裾が両側の川岸まで伸びている。
山には防壁を廻らせて山塞を作り、町とも繋がっている。
Hither Caesar hastens by forced marches by night and day, and, after having seized the town, stations a garrison there.
そこへカエサルは昼も夜も強行軍で急行し、町を占領した後、守備隊を配備した。
39
英文
While he is tarrying a few days at Vesontio, on account of corn and provisions; from the inquiries of our men and the reports of the Gauls and traders (who asserted that the Germans were men of huge stature, of incredible valor and practice in arms—that oftentimes they, on encountering them, could not bear even their countenance, and the fierceness of their eyes)—so great a panic on a sudden seized the whole army, as to discompose the minds and spirits of all in no slight degree.
和文
彼は食料買付けや準備でベソンティオに数日間滞在した。その間、兵士たちの聞き込み、ガリア人や商人たちの報告によって、軍全体が大きなパニックに襲われた。
（ゲルマン人は巨大な体躯で、信じられないほどの勇敢さと武器の熟練度を持っている。多くの場合、彼らに遭遇すると、その凶暴な顔つきや目つきに堪えることは出来ない。と、主張する者の話だ。）
軍の全ての者は、大なり小なり、思考や精神を蝕まれていった。
This first arose from the tribunes of the soldiers, the prefects and the rest, who, having followed Caesar from the city [Rome] from motives of friendship, had no great experience in military affairs. And alleging, some of them one reason, some another, which they said made it necessary for them to depart, they requested that by his consent they might be allowed to withdraw; some, influenced by shame, stayed behind in order that they might avoid the suspicion of cowardice. These could neither compose their countenance, nor even sometimes check their tears: but hidden in their tents, either bewailed their fate, or deplored with their comrades the general danger. Wills were sealed universally throughout the whole camp.
まず最初に、ローマから友情によって（縁故採用で）カエサルに従い、軍事経験の少ない大隊長や指揮官などから始まった。
彼らの何人かは、あれこれと理由をつけて、そのためにここを去る必要があると主張する。カエサルの同意を得て撤退の許可を要求してきた。
ある者たちは、臆病者と疑われることを恥として、留まった。彼らは冷静さを装うことも、時には涙をこらえることすら出来なかった。彼らは天幕の中に隠れると、自分たちの運命を嘆き悲しむか、あるいは仲間たちと共に、この避けられない危難を嘆いた。
陣営のいたるところで、遺書が綴じられた。
By the expressions and cowardice of these men, even those who possessed great experience in the camp, both soldiers and centurions, and those [the decurions] who were in command of the cavalry, were gradually disconcerted. Such of them as wished to be considered less alarmed, said that they did not dread the enemy, but feared the narrowness of the roads and the vastness of the forests which lay between them and Ariovistus, or else that the supplies could not be brought up readily enough. Some even declared to Caesar, that when he gave orders for the camp to be moved and the troops to advance, the soldiers would not be obedient to the command, nor advance in consequence of their fear.
これらの者どもの振舞いと臆病さは、軍内でも経験豊富な兵士や百人隊長、騎兵隊長へと伝染し、徐々に動揺が広まった。
そんな彼らの中で、怖気づいていると思われたくない者は、「敵は恐れていないのだが、アリオヴィストスとの間にある道の狭さや広大な森林が怖いのだ」「十分な物資が容易には調達出来ないだろう」などと云う。
中には、カエサルにはっきりと明言する者までいた。陣営を出て進軍せよと命じても、兵士たちは恐怖のあまり素直に従わないだろうし、行軍もしないだろうと。
40
英文
When Caesar observed these things, having called a council, and summoned to it the centurions of all the companies, he severely reprimanded them, “particularly, for supposing that it belonged to them to inquire or conjecture, either in what direction they were marching, or with what object. That Ariovistus, during his [Caesar’s] consulship, had most anxiously sought after the friendship of the Roman people; why should any one judge that he would so rashly depart from his duty?
和文
カエサルはこれらの事態を見極め、会議を招集し、全ての百人隊長も呼んだ。（補足：通常の作戦会議に出席資格を持たない格の百人隊長も集めた。）
そこで彼らを、厳しく叱責した。
「何よりも、軍がどのような目的で、どこに向かって進軍するのか、その憶測をしたり疑問を呈すること、その仕事が彼ら（軍団兵）に属していると勘違いしたこと（が叱責の理由）だ。
アリオヴィストスは、カエサルの執政官時代に、ローマ人との友好関係を熱心に求めてきた。そうして得た立場を、軽々しく手放す者がいるだろうか。
He for his part was persuaded, that, when his demands were known and the fairness of the terms considered, he would reject neither his nor the Roman people’s favor. But even if, driven on by rage and madness, he should make war upon them, what after all were they afraid of?—or why should they despair either of their own valor or of his zeal?
カエサルの要求を聞き、よく考慮された公平性ある内容と知れば、ローマ人の好意を拒むこともないだろう。
しかし、例え感情や狂気に突き動かされ、戦争を仕掛けてきたとしても、何を恐れることがあろうか？
なぜ、自分たちの勇気やカエサルの熱情に絶望する必要があるのか？
Of that enemy a trial had been made within our fathers’ recollection, when, on the defeat of the Cimbri and Teutones by Gaius Marius, the army was regarded as having deserved no less praise than their commander himself. It had been made lately, too, in Italy, during the rebellion of the slaves, whom, however, the experience and training which they had received from us, assisted in some respect. From which a judgment might be formed of the advantages which resolution carries with it inasmuch as those whom for some time they had groundlessly dreaded when unarmed, they had afterward vanquished, when well armed and flushed with success.
かの敵（ゲルマン人）のことは、我々の父世代に求めることが出来る。ガイウス・マリウスがキンブリ族とチュートン族を撃ち破った時のことだ。その軍は、彼らの総司令官に劣らず称賛されるものだ。最近の例でも、イタリアで起きた奴隷の反乱（スパルタクスの乱）がある。私たち（ローマ軍）から受けた訓練と経験が、彼らをいくらか支援した。これは、（ゲルマン人と戦う）判断の優位性を示す根拠である。ローマ人は武装していない奴隷を根拠もなく恐れてきたが、その後、十分に武装し、成功に輝いたとき（補足：スパルタクスの乱は2年続き、その間に法務官や執政官の軍を破った絶頂期がある）には打ち負かされたのだ。
In short, that these were the same men whom the Helvetii, in frequent encounters, not only in their own territories, but also in theirs [the German], have generally vanquished, and yet can not have been a match for our army.
要するに、ヘルウェティイ族が自領（の防衛）だけでなく、ゲルマン人の領土（に乗り込み）でも頻繁に衝突し、概ね打ち破ってきた相手と同じ民族なのだ。そのヘルウェティイ族も、ローマ軍には敵わなかったではないか。
If the unsuccessful battle and flight of the Gauls disquieted any, these, if they made inquiries, might discover that, when the Gauls had been tired out by the long duration of the war, Ariovistus, after he had many months kept himself in his camp and in the marshes, and had given no opportunity for an engagement, fell suddenly upon them, by this time despairing of a battle and scattered in all directions, and was victorious more through stratagem and cunning than valor. But though there had been room for such stratagem against savage and unskilled men, not even [Ariovistus] himself expected that thereby our armies could be entrapped.
もし、ガリア人が戦争に失敗し、逃亡すらままならないことに不安を感じている者がいるならば、その理由を求め、気づくがよい。アリオヴィストスは何か月もの間、沼地に囲まれた陣営に籠もり、ガリア人は戦いの機会を与えられないまま疲れ切ってしまった。戦争に鬱屈さを感じて（陣営から離れて）思い思いの分散配置となったガリア人に、ゲルマン人が突然襲い掛かったのだ。つまり、勇敢さよりも策略と狡猾さによって勝利したのだ。
しかし、野蛮で未熟な相手にはそのような策略が通用する余地があっても、それが我がローマ軍にも有効だとは、アリオヴィストス自身も思っていない。
That those who ascribed their fear to a pretense about the [deficiency of] supplies and the narrowness of the roads, acted presumptuously, as they seemed either to distrust their general’s discharge of his duty, or to dictate to him. That these things were his concern; that the Sequani, the Leuci, and the Lingones were to furnish the corn; and that it was already ripe in the fields; that as to the road they would soon be able to judge for themselves.
恐怖心の原因を物資の不足や道の狭さによるものと考えた者どもは、お前たちの将軍の任務遂行に不信感を抱いているか、将軍に命令するかのいずれかにあたり、傲慢な行為である。
それらはカエサルが考えることだ。セクアニ族、レウシ族、リンゴネス族が食料供給を担っており、すでに畑は熟している。道に関しては、間もなくお前たち自身で判断できるであろう。
As to its being reported that the soldiers would not be obedient to command, or advance, he was not at all disturbed at that; for he knew, that in the case of all those whose army had not been obedient to command, either upon some mismanagement of an affair, fortune had deserted them, or, that upon some crime being discovered, covetousness had been clearly proved [against them]. His integrity had been seen throughout his whole life, his good fortune in the war with the Helvetii.
兵士たちが命令に従わないであろう、あるいは進軍を拒否するであろうという忠告については、全く意に介していない。なぜなら、軍に命令を従わせることが出来ない将軍は全て、責務を誤って幸運から見放された者か、何らかの不正が発覚して貪欲さが証明された者であることを知っている。
カエサルの誠実さ、清廉は彼の生涯を通じて証明され、ヘルウェティイ族との戦争で彼の幸運も証明された。
His integrity had been seen throughout his whole life, his good fortune in the war with the Helvetii. That he would therefore instantly set about what he had intended to put off till a more distant day, and would break up his camp the next night, in the fourth watch, that he might ascertain, as soon as possible, whether a sense of honor and duty, or whether fear had more influence with them. But that, if no one else should follow, yet he would go with only the tenth legion, of which he had no misgivings, and it should be his praetorian cohort.” This legion Caesar had both greatly favored, and in it, on account of its valor, placed the greatest confidence.
こうなった以上、もっと先の日に設定していた考えを、直ちに始めよう。次の夜、第四夜警時（概ね、3時～6時）に陣営を引き払う。お前たちの中でより強いものが、名誉の気持ちと義務感か、あるいは恐怖心か。それを出来るだけ早く確認するためだ。
しかし、もし誰も従わないとしても、彼は何の不安も持たず、第10軍団だけは率いていく。第10軍団はカエサルの親衛隊になるであろう。」
カエサルはこの軍団を大いに頼りにしており、またその勇敢さゆえに、最大の信頼を置いていた。